THESIS
Master of Science in Sustainable Design
Project: TOWARDS INDIA’S FIRST NET POSITIVE AIRPORT: A RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR PUNE, INDIA.
Aim:
This design thesis aims to address these environmental impacts. As India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, there are many opportunities to employ green infrastructure. Thus, India has the opportunity to build sustainable infrastructures at the initial stage rather than making it sustainable later. The research methods explore, analyze, and solve the problem at different scales from global to site-specific issues, as well as focusing on finding ways to make airports more and more sustainable, net positive, and more climate-responsive in their design.
Problems Finding
Energy Usage On Airport
76% of Energy is consumed by the Terminal building knows as a major consumer at the airport.
EUI: Average from 160 to 210
kBTU/F2/year
Where is Waste Generated?
40% Onboard Aircraft
38% Terminal Building
22% Aircraft Maintenance, food preparation
Global Green Gas Emission
72% GHG come from energy consumption
15% Contribution to the transportation sector
(out of 72%)
10% Contribution of aviation in GHG ( in 15%) (600m tons/years)
SOLUTION:
After understanding all the problems, the issues at different scales, how they are affecting their surroundings, and their social, economic, and most importantly, environmental impacts, the solution will be a prototype for an airport design that uses less energy, improves waste management, cleans indoor and outdoor air, and improves the diversity and resilience of transportation options
The prototype of the Terminal Building is proposed at Pune City, Maharashtra, India.
SITE INVENTORY, ANALYSIS, GOALS, STRATEGIES, GUIDING PRINCIPLES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
For this thesis project, all these studies were completed in the four quadrants of the Integral Framework. These four quadrants are known as Experience, Performance, Culture, and System quadrant. These four quadrants help to understand site potential, conditions, and context. This inventory includes four maps and includes the experience, performance, systems, and culture related to the site.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Guiding principles are a set of moral values that establishes a framework for expected, performance, behavior, and function of the building. Guiding principles are more specific core value which helps to achieve goals.
In this project, guiding principles are set in for quadrants of Integral Framework.
GOALS & STRATEGIES
After setting the guiding principles for the design, goals were set to achieve the desired result, and what strategies need to apply to achieve those goals were also defined in the same four quadrants of Integral Framework, which gave a direction to the design process.
RECOMMENDATION ON THE SITE
Few recommendations had given to support goals and strategies. The recommendation covers all possible opportunities on-site, which could be helpful to achieve final goals.
CONCEPT MAP
Concept mapping is a graphical tool that is a visual representation of information. This map or diagram reflects the relationships between the concepts, steps involved, goals, and strategies and helps to understand outcomes.
UNDERSTADING PASSENGER FLOW
Airports have complex layouts and highly organized sequences of vertical and lateral passenger flow and understanding these passenger flows, operations, and requirements for air travel is essential before designing the airport. From the moment a passenger starts the journey from parking to gate through the terminal, they probably begin facing a series of small, but potentially stressful challenges. Passenger flow studies help to identify and solve these challenges, and they help to improve the airport passengers' experience by reducing and eliminating challenges like wayfinding, waiting time, queue lengths, and occupancy at specific areas.
THE DESIGN CONCEPT
STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Here, the design concept is to take the essence from Indian royal history, following one of the guiding principles to reflect Indian tradition, culture, heritage, and historical element into the design with a modern touch.
The shape, or the form, of the structure, is inspired by the turban, which is part of the traditional outfit in India. The design, shape, and color of the turban changes in accordance with the region. In Maharashtra, the typical turban is red or saffron color
The shape of the building has a notable advantage in the collection of rainwater, as shown in Figures. The main design feature of the airport is the conical courtyard, and the design and structure are inspired by ancient Indian architecture as shown in the figure. The courtyard is open to the sky and has Six decks. The courtyard also gathers all rainwater collected from the roof and delivers it to the rainwater management system.
SITE ZONING AND INTERNAL SPACING
This step involves zoning or bifurcation of the land in accordance with the requirement or usage, along with the study of aspects involved in the design process such as engineering, architecture, surveying, connectivity, and transportation planning. At this stage of the design process, zoning guidelines, building orientation, access points, services, functions, and their connections on-site are decided using data collected from site inventory and analysis.
Figure 3-23 shows the zoning of the proposed site for the international airport in Pune. The area of the master plan is about 3,000 hectors. This plan shows how design ideas are implemented as per the site inventory and analysis in all four quadrants
DETAILED SITE PLAN
Arrival Floor Plan
Departure Floor Plan
BAGGAGE HANDLING SYSTEM FLOOR PLAN
VALIDATIONS
In this section, the designed model is tested through simulations and calculations to evaluate its performance and efficiency, as well as to establish documentary evidence to assure the design consistently produces the expected result. This validation process includes:
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Daylighting validation
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Energy validation
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Water validation
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Waste management validation
ENERGY USAGE
1-Change in U Value & Solar heat gain
coefficient of façade glazing
2- Change in-wall type & R-value
3-Change in U value of roof glazing
4-Change roof type
5-Update design load
6-Update design temperature (setpoint & setback )
7-Added power generated from solar farming
SOLAR POWER GENERATED BY SOLAR FARMS
The energy requirement of the terminal building will be fulfilled by solar energy, as the solar farm will produce 30% more energy than it needs (i.e., 57,550 MW surplus), at EUI -75 kBTU/ ft2/year makes this terminal India's first net-positive airport terminal as well as carbon neutral terminal. The surplus 30% of the energy the may be generated will be provided to the airport village to further support its community.
WATER USE REDUCTION
The energy requirement of the terminal building will be fulfilled by solar energy, as the solar farm will produce 30% more energy than it needs (i.e., 57,550 MW surplus), at EUI -75 kBTU/ ft2/year makes this terminal India's first net-positive airport terminal as well as carbon neutral terminal. The surplus 30% of the energy the may be generated will be provided to the airport village to further support its community.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Thermal Comfort in the Terminal Building
CONCLUSION
The aim of this thesis is to design an integral airport terminal, and the result will maintain ecosystem services, eliminate carbon emissions of building operations, embed local culture into its design, and spread awareness of environmental stewardship.
NET POSITIVE TERMINAL BUILDING
ENERGY EFFICIENT AIRPORT
WATER EFFICIENCY
MAINTAIN ECOSYSTEM
REPRESENT HISTORY AND CULTURE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
